Cigarette Butt Litter

Contents 1 What's the Problem? 2 Litter Statistics 3 Economic Costs 4 Environmental Cost of Cigarettes 5 Solutions - What You Can Do To Help 6 References

What's the Problem?

Cigarette butt litter is a major problem at our beaches, in the ocean and throughout the watersheds which carry water, trash and debris to our beaches. Cigarette butts discarded in parking lots, along sidewalks and in street gutters miles from the coast inevitably make their way through storm drains, creeks and rivers to the beach and the ocean. Direct litter of cigarette butts at the beach adds to the problem. It isn't just a matter of unsightly trash and litter. Toxins from cigarettes collect on the filter and are then washed out into our waterways and the ocean. Birds and sea mammals ingest the butts, thinking that it's food. All of us can do things to eliminate cigarette litter throughout our watersheds.

Here is a short PSA from Surfrider about Cigarette Butt Litter:

And here's one from students at Veteran's Memorial High School in Brownsville, Texas:

Would cigarette butts become litter if they were this size?

Litter Statistics

• In just one day 230,000 cigarette butts were collected from California beaches during the 2000 Coastal Cleanup Day. Cigarette butts were the number one trash item found (http://www.cigarettelitter.org).
• According to the Ocean Conservancy, cigarette butt litter accounts for one in every five items collected during cleanups, making it the most prevalent form of litter on earth.
• There are over 176,000,000 pounds of discarded cigarette butts in the United States each year.
• Over 4.5 trillion cigarettes are littered worldwide each year. They are the most littered item in the world (http://www.cigarettelitter.org).

Economic Costs

• Some of the costs are associated with the manpower and resources to pick up litter. Who picks up litter? Employees of parks, schools, hotels, restaurants, and local governments have to pick up litter, as well as volunteers who care about the environment.
• Cigarettes are often littered within 10 feet of a permanent ashtray. Now that most buildings do not allow smoking inside, the problem of discarded butts on sidewalks, entryways and in courtyards is increasing.
• Other costs are incurred when a discarded cigarette butt starts a fire that destroys a forest, a field, or people's homes. Fires caused by cigarette butts claim the lives of about 1,000 people and injure about 3,000 people each year.
• The costs of "lost revenue" are incurred when tourists will not spend their vacation dollars to visit a beach or park that is full of litter and trash.

Environmental Cost of Cigarettes

No butts about it. The environmental costs of tobacco products are more than just smoke. They include the following:

• Filters and plastic wrap from cigarette packages remain in the environment for long periods of time. Cigarette butts are composed of cellulose acetate, a form of plastic, which can take many (estimated 2 to 25) years to decompose. Cigarette butts may seem small, but with several trillion butts littered every year, the toxic chemicals add up!
• Cigarettes contain over 165 chemicals - Some of the chemicals smokers inhale:
  • Benzo[a]pyrene: found in coal tar and cigarette smoke and it is one of the most potent cancer causing chemical in the world.
  • Arsenic: deadly poison that causes diarrhea, cramps, anemia, paralysis and malignant skin tumors. It is used in pesticides.
  • Acetone: It's one of the active ingredients in nail polish remover.
  • Lead: Lead poisoning stunts growth, causes vomiting, and causes brain damage.
  • Formaldehyde: causes cancer, can damage lungs, skin, and digestive systems. Embalmers use it to preserve dead bodies.
  • Toluene: highly toxic, commonly use as an ingredient in paint thinner.
  • Butane: highly flammable butane is one of the key components in gasoline.
  • Cadmium: cause damage to the liver, kidneys and brain, and stays in the body for years.
  • Ammonia: causes individuals to absorb more nicotine, keeping them hooked on smoking.
  • Benzene: found in pesticides and gasoline.
• Plastic pieces have been found in the stomachs of fish, birds, whales, and other marine creatures that mistake them as food, swallowing harmful plastic and toxic chemicals. Ingestion of plastic cigarette filters is a threat to wildlife. Sometimes even young children pick up and ingest cigarette butts.
• Wind and rain often carry cigarette butts into waterways, where the toxic chemicals in the cigarette filters leak out, threatening the quality of the water and the creatures that live in it.

Solutions - What You Can Do To Help

• Educate community members to be responsible with their cigarette litter.
• Provide smokers with an easily accessible, reusable means to dispose of their cigarette butts responsibly and safely.
• Consider local and regional policies designed to significantly reduce the amount of cigarette litter thrown onto the beach by smokers.
• Set examples for others by not littering.
• Volunteer to help organize a cleanup.
• Set a meeting with your local legislature to discuss the problems of litter which comes from cigarettes.
• Buy and display one of our "Hold On To Your Butt" bumper stickers (available at Surfrider's online store)

References

Much of the information in this article came from the website of Earth Resource Foundation

Other sources include:

• Cigarette Litter.org
• Cigarette Butt Pollution Project (See the "Research" and "Butt FAQ" tabs)
• No-Smoking Policies and Their Outcomes on U.S. Beaches
• Surfrider Foundation's Cigarette Litter Campaign